PPDI型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备与性能研究

以对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、低聚物二元醇和1,4-丁二醇为原料合成PPDI型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU),考察了软段种类和相对分子质量、硬段含量、R值(n(NCO)∶n(OH))等对其性能的影响,并与MDI型TPU的动态力学性能作比较.结果表明,聚ε-己内酯(PCL)体系TPU具有良好的性能,硬段含量和R值的提高均可...     

二甲醚储罐的安全风险及运行管理

对二甲醚罐区进行了重大危险源的辨识;通过数学模型,模拟分析了二甲醚储罐和罐区池发生火灾或爆炸事故时的危害程度;从储罐设计、维护和管理方面,提出了二甲醚储罐的安全运行措施.     

Study on Characteristics of Various RF Transmission Line Structures on PES Substrate for Application to Flexible MMIC

In this work, the coplanar waveguide is fabricated on a PES (poly[ether sulfone]) substrate for application to a flexible monolithic microwave integrated circuit, and its RF characteristics were thoroughly investigated. The quality factor of the coplanar waveguide on PES is 40.3 at a resonance frequency of 46.7 GHz. A fishbone‐type transmission line (FTTL) structure is also fabricated on the PES substrate, and its RF characteristics are investigated. The wavelength of the FTTL on PES is 5.11 mm at 20 GHz, which is 55% of the conventional coplanar waveguide on PES. Using the FTTL, an impedance transformer is fabricated on PES. The size of the impedance transformer is 0.318 mm × 0.318 mm, which is 69.2% of the size of the transformer fabricated by the conventional coplanar waveguide on PES. The impedance transformer showed return loss values better than –12.9 dB from 5 GHz to 50 GHz and an insertion loss better than –1.13 dB in the same frequency range.     

Optimal design of catalytic distillation columns: A case study on synthesis of TAEE

The design of catalytic distillation (CD) columns is a challenging task because of the superposition of chemical reaction and distillation in one apparatus. In this work, a method to design a cost-optimal CD column for chemical systems with large number of components and chemical reactions is presented. The method is based on the following steps: (1) estimation of the number of theoretical stages and catalyst volume by the decomposition of the CD column into a sequence of chemical reactors and non-reactive distillation columns, (2) estimation of the column diameter and operating conditions using an equilibrium stage model, and (3) design of the column applying an optimisation algorithm and using a rigorous non-equilibrium stage model to represent the CD process. The method is applied to determine the optimal column configuration and operating conditions for the synthesis of tert-amyl ethyl ether from ethanol and isoamylenes. Eight components and four chemical reactions were selected to represent the chemical system in the simulations.     

Influence of alkaline 2D carbon nitride nanosheets as fillers for anchoring HPW and improving conductivity of SPEEK nanocomposite membranes

In the present study, novel composite membranes were prepared based on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)/phosphotungstic acid/carbon nitride nanosheets (SPEEK/HPW/g-C₃N₄). The alkaline ultrathin g-C₃N₄ nanosheets in the membranes behaved like “double-sided adhesive”, forming hydrogen bonds with the HPW molecules to anchor hydrophilic HPW without leaking. Moreover, the amine groups of nanosheets formed acid–base pairs with –SO₃H of the SPEEK polymer matrix, facilitating the Grotthuss-type transport of proton to improve conductivity. The g-C₃N₄ inorganic particles provided tortuous pathways for methanol transport to suppress the methanol permeability coefficient. The selectivity of the SPEEK/HPW/g-C₃N₄-1.0 was 2.3 times higher than that of SPEEK/HPW and 1.5 times higher than that of pristine SPEEK. SPEEK/HPW/g-C₃N₄ hybrid membranes exhibited stable and durable operation for 240 h under 100% RH at 60 °C. Moreover, membranes exhibited superior mechanical property, with maximum elongation at break of 223.3%.     

Construction of ion transport channels by grafting flexible alkyl imidazolium chain into functional poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) as anion exchange membranes

A new series of imidazolium-functionalized anion exchange membranes (AEMs), based on poly (arylene ether ketone sulfone) containing pendant amino groups (Am-PAEKS) have been prepared. The structure of the copolymers is characterized by FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectra. The properties of the imidazolium-functionalized Am-PAEKS (Im-Am-PAEKS) including ionic conductivity, dimensional stability, thermal stability, fuel cell performance and mechanical property are investigated thoroughly. The hydroxide conductivities of the prepared membranes are in the range of 1.1 × 10^?2–13.9 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 (20–80 °C). The membranes exhibit excellent alkaline stability including high thermal stability and mechanical property after soaking in 2 M NaOH aqueous solution for 300 h. This study indicates that the imidazolium-functionalized membranes containing pedant amino groups have the potential to be applied in alkaline fuel cells.     

NTC-affected ignition and low-temperature flames in nonpremixed DME/air counterflow

An experimental study, supported by computation, was conducted on the coupling of NTC-chemistry and transport in the low-temperature ignition and the associated steady burning in nonpremixed DME/air counterflow. In particular, the presence of low-temperature chemical reactivity was detected nonintrusively by using a photomultiplier tube combined with a filter to capture the chemiluminescence of HCHO, which is a characteristic intermediate species formed in low-temperature chemistry. Furthermore, the ignition temperature was determined through high-sensitivity infrared imaging with proper discrimination of the background signal. Experimental results show that the transport-coupled low-temperature, NTC chemical reactivity is enhanced with smaller strain rate, higher air boundary temperature, and is insensitive to the fuel concentration. These findings agree well with those obtained from computation using detailed chemistry, leading to further identification of the controlling chemistry.     

Part 1. Qualitative comparison between polymer and monomer model compound sulfonation

The sulfonation kinetics of fluorine ended poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) in solution in 95.9% and 96.8% concentrated sulfuric acid was studied with the help of a model compound representative of the PEEK chain repeat unit. The reaction rate of the model compound sulfonation was found to be first order with respect to the aromatic ring to be sulfonated. Consequently, PEEK kinetic data were treated following a first order with respect to the unsulfonated repeat unit concentration. Two rate‐slowing effects were detected. They were attributed to ‘long range’ electronic effects resulting from the inductive nature of the fluorine atom, and from the electron‐withdrawing character of the grafted sulfonic acid group. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Linear and networked polymers formed by the near simultaneous occurrence of etherification and esterification under mild reaction conditions

Despite the large difference in their nucleophilicity, phenoxide and carboxylate anions take part nearly simultaneously in the aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1,4‐dibromo‐2‐butene. This leads to the formation of ether (? O? ) and ester (? COO? ) linkages simultaneously under mild reaction conditions when hydroxyl benzoic acids are employed as nucleophiles. The process yields a new class of polymer broadly classified as unsaturated poly(ether ester) which are potentially functionalizable. This methodology has also been extended for preparing networked polymers by making use of 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid as A₃ type monomer. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Alkyloxy Propanol Amine-Based Cationic Ether Lipids

The present study involved the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of alkyloxy propanol amine-based cationic lipids N,N-dimethyl-1-octadecylamino-3-alkyloxy-2-propanol (series A, 7a–e) and N-methyl-N,N-di-(2-hydroxy-3-alkyloxy-2 propyl) octadecylamine (series B, 9a–e) and their acetylated derivatives (8a–e and 10a–e). A simple three-step chemo-enzymatic approach was employed for the synthesis of 7a–e and 9a–e in 71–80 and 67–88 % yields, respectively. The first step involved the synthesis of a series of glycidyl ethers from a series of alcohols (C₄, C₈, C₁₀, C₁₂, C₁₄) which were opened in the second step with octadecylamine to obtain 1-octadecylamino-3-alkyloxy-2 propanol (5a–e) and N,N-di-(2-hydroxy-3-alkyloxypropyl) octadecylamine (6a–e). In the third step, alkyloxy propanolamines (5a–e, 6a–e) were quaternized using methyl iodide to yield quaternized ammonium salts. The quaternized ammonium salts were enzymatically acetylated using Candida antarctica lipase-B based immobilized enzyme Novozym 435 to obtain their acetylated derivatives. The quaternized salts as well as their acetylated derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal properties. The title compounds were found to possess moderate to good antibacterial activities against all the studied bacterial strains namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes compared to streptomycin and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The title compounds exhibited relatively good antifungal activities against Candida albicans and no significant activities against other fungal strains namely, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger when compared to amphotericin B and CTAB.